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Holistic Guidance - Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America (America: a Cultural History)
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List Price: $34.95
Our Price: $20.97
Your Save: $ 13.98 ( 40% )
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Manufacturer: Oxford University Press, USA
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Average Customer Rating:  
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Binding: Paperback
Dewey Decimal Number: 813
EAN: 9780195069051
ISBN: 0195069056
Label: Oxford University Press, USA
Manufacturer: Oxford University Press, USA
Number Of Items: 1
Number Of Pages: 972
Publication Date: 1989-03-14
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Studio: Oxford University Press, USA
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Editorial Reviews:
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This fascinating book is the first volume in a projected cultural history of the United States, from the earliest English settlements to our own time. It is a history of American folkways as they have changed through time, and it argues a thesis about the importance for the United States of having been British in its cultural origins.
While most people in the United States today have no British ancestors, they have assimilated regional cultures which were created by British colonists, even while preserving ethnic identities at the same time. In this sense, nearly all Americans are "Albion's Seed," no matter what their ethnicity may be. The concluding section of this remarkable book explores the ways that regional cultures have continued to dominate national politics from 1789 to 1988, and still help to shape attitudes toward education, government, gender, and violence, on which differences between American regions are greater than between European nations.
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Spotlight customer reviews:
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Customer Rating:
Summary: Outstanding Scholarship
Comment: How lucky I feel to have come across and finished one of those rare books that not only provides critical historical information, but also indelibly transforms the way I view the world.
The massive tome is about four discrete immigrant movements from Britain to the U.S. and their critical influence on modern regional cultures here. The migrations covered in the book start around 1630 with the East Anglian Puritans, and conclude with Ulster Scots-Irish and Anglo-Scots whose journey from impoverished regions of Britain into the backwoods areas of the Appalachians ended around 1775. His scholarship on the regional British cultures that defined the nucleus of each of the migrations is extremely impressive, and it gives him loads of ways to compare the original culture with its transplanted descendant in America. Incidentally, I never knew much about the history or geography of Britain up until I read this book, but after finishing it I found myself fascinated by just how much regional variation there was and was inspired to learn more.
One conclusion well-developed throughout Fischer's opus is that ethnic culture can remain strikingly uniform even after being transplanted to an entirely new geography and passing through many generations there (Kurds in Germany or Jews in ancient Babylon come to mind). He also argues that it was the values of the elites (mercantile and industrious in New England, humble and humanistic in New Jersey and east Pennsylvania, aristocratic and labor-averse in Virginia) that led to differences in the development of the economy.
Take the example of slavery, which was fundamental to antebellum southern states but less popular in the north. Fischer contends that slave ownership in southern colonies was more extensive due to the political hegemony of country squires (aka Cavaliers) originally from the Wessex region in SW England, particularly in the colony of Virgina. These privileged colonials believed that only landholding was an acceptable source of income for their sort, while physical labor and mercantilism were seen as contemptible, suitable only for those of low station. So while fertile lands farther north were being worked in small plots by yeoman farmer types with few or no slaves, the colony of Virginia became dominated by large plantations and manor houses that mirrored Saxon aristocracy. But since the region was semi-tropical and malarial, they chose African slaves over the white servants/serfs that were so essential to the manors of their ancestors. In other words, an imported British culture created the plantation system, not Virginian geography.
The final portion of the book deals with the pervasiveness of these original cultures throughout our national history. Fischer considers them as regionally dominant even now, despite the arrival of throngs of non-British immigrants over the centuries. Just like English has maintained itself as our national language even though less than 20% of our nation is of British descent, the prejudices of British immigrants 200-300 years ago still persist in a much more ethnically varied peoplescape.
There's much to learn AND to enjoy. Despite its 900+ pages Fischer is a lucid and focused writer, and he sprinkles the dry facts and figures with compelling anecdotes. This is essentially a polemical work, and he does jam a few squarish pegs into round holes (there are NYC Jewish gun-nuts, New Jersey Italian mobsters, and Alabama Scots-Irish peaceniks out there), but the overall evidence is so compelling that I feel this should be a standard text in high school American History courses. The belief structures of the four migrations (two really, since the Virginian/backcountry worldviews loosely align, as does that of the Puritans with the Quakers) are organized by Fischer around four distinct definitions of "freedom". Regional political conflicts are made understandable once the reader grasps these four separate outlooks.
The most provocative part of the book, in my opinion, is Fischer's scholarship and speculation about the basis of Borderer culture. "Borderers" came from southern Scotland and northern England and primarily settled and dominated the hillier, more forested regions in the Appalachians. They are often called Scots-Irish, but Fischer shows that most spoke English rather than Gaelic and had no immediate Irish blood or background. These were the people who even at that time might be called "crackers" or "rednecks" (terms that came from Britain). Centuries of cross-border warfare, raiding, and exploitative absentee lords left them with little belief in the ability of governments to promote justice and peace, and a sense that one must always be ready to defend oneself with violence. These values prepared them for the dangers of settling first the Appalachian frontier and then the Wild West, but left their descendants with a predilection toward violent conflict, as well as valuing physical prowess and robust sexuality over education and economic prosperity. We don't have any Hatfield-McCoy clan feuds in this day and age, as far as I know, but many of the fundamental belief structures of the ancient Borderers still exist through large portions of country. To my mind they bedevil us, even as they define our "average Joe" better than any other culture. People like Sen. Jim Webb and author Joe Bageant exemplify both the value and pitfalls of Borderer beliefs; they exemplify mental talent and fierce will but also carry the gloomy, suspicious, violence-prone outlook of their forebears.
Not only that, but Fischer's throw-aside supposition that long-term political instability tends to promote Borderer-style worldviews does a lot to help people from more cooperative areas understand aggressive clannish peoples, such as Somalis, Albanians, Tuaregs, and the Kurds of SE Turkey.
There's a large mental gap between someone raised in a home that trusts in guns over government and someone raised in a home with a focus on kindness, cooperation, and non-violent conflict resolution. The former sees the latter as childish and naive, while the latter sees the former as needlessly aggressive and paranoid. Both may be "correct" about the other, especially within the conditions of their region, but for any human it is difficult to imagine the effect of growing up in a culture with such fundamentally different assumptions. It's much easier to simply label one another as "wrong".
So I see this book as a Rosetta Stone, an incomplete primer into how to speak another person's internal language when that person has a different understanding of the nature of "freedom" in society as compared to you. It's straight-up BRILLIANT.
Customer Rating:
Summary: Long Read, but Well Worth It
Comment: My daughter was very impressed by Albion's Seed when she read it as part of her undergrad studies in history. Several years after her graduation, I finally got around to reading it. I love scholarly books on history. Before Albion's Seed, I'd read Karen Armstrong's A History of God and Ronald Takaki's A Different Mirror. I didn't find Fischer's strength to be his writing (actually, there were several times when I became annoyed with him for his lack of footnotes, which would have especially worthwhile to explain some of the obscurities he passed over), but Fischer's strength is analysis--especially in tying the English colonists folkways to geographic behaviors and trends of today. Albion's Way is a wonderful seminal work on American culture. As long as it took me to finish this book (it was a long slog for me), it was incredibly worthwhile. Highly recommended!
Customer Rating:
Summary: Not a scholar...
Comment: but I am a student of history and I have found this book fascinating. I read it like a novel. It is easy to understand and is full of little known cultural information that makes it educational, as well. I do not fancy myself a scholar, by any stretch, but I do like a good read and this is one of the best non-fiction books I have read in a long time.
Customer Rating: 
Summary: Too comprehensive
Comment: You can't fault DHF for omission of detail in this volume (the first of possibly many). This is the beginning of a history of social trends in America, based upon a thesis that there are four elemental sources of those trends: The Puritans of the Northeast, The Cavaliers of Virginia, the Quakers of Pennsylvania, and the Scots-Irish of the mountains. There will be much to quibble about whether American society can be reduced to these four elements. Unfortunately, it likely will take another 5,0000 pages to see. In an effort to reduce a vast amount of detail to an origanized set of information, DHF resorts to an annoying general term "way" to compare among the four groups philosophy, society, architecture, clothing, marital relations, even "gender" (nodding to the PC crowd). DHF thus attempts to do way too much and cover way too much detail. (In arguing for these four societies as the elements of modern American society is it really necessary to get into how each treated "gender" issues? He must have taught a gender studies class.) DHF clearly is a genius and full of information. But he is too interested in showing off his encyclopedia and that detracts from what otherwise is an interesting project.
Loaded with interesting detail. Good luck getting through it all, especially as further volumes come.
Customer Rating:
Summary: Informative And Well Written Book About Early American Colonists
Comment: This is my favorite sort of book, serious academic research combined with a style of writing that is highly accessible and a pleasure to read. This book will serve as a brillant revelation to those unfamilar with the subject matter. But it is also extensive and detailed enough that even the most knowledgable will learn something new.
As a Southerner with British ancestors who arrived in America in both the 1600's and 1700's, I was especially interested to learn more about the distinctions between those who came from south and southwest England to settle tidewater Virginia between 1642-1675 and the northern English, Scotch and Scotch-Irish who came to the highlands and backwoods of the South from 1717-1775.
The Virginia cavaliers formed a small aristocracy that ruled over the more numerous poor to middling whites, many of whom originally came over as indentured servants. These English aristocrats often later became the plantation owners who achieved ever more wealth off the labor of black slaves. Meanwhile, the backcountry English, Scotch and Scotch-Irish continued, with some notable exceptions, to live in poverty while maintaining the violent but honor based social customs of their borderland ancestors. It was these people who formed the basis of the sterotypically Southern "redneck culture" that still exists.
Fischer also provides ample information about the differences between the Puritans who landed in Massachusetts and the Quakers who settled in Pennsylvania. Of course, the cultural makeup of the North became considerly more complicated following the vast migrations of immigrants that arrived from Ireland, Italy and many other countries in the 19th century. In contrast, the South received a much smaller number of later immigrants and its population continued to largely consist of people of either British or African heritage until recent decades.
But Fischer makes a convincing case that it was these original four, very different but still British, folkways that formed the basis of early American law, religion, and politics and that they continue to serve as important cultural influences to the present day. A terrific book recommended for all those interested in colonial American history.
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